In the dim and distant past when Left / Right political arguments seemed real and endless discussions ensued about ideological semantics I knew people in Dublin who resplended in titles such as “Secretary of the Irish / East German Friendship Society.” The East Germany they referred to was not the “corrupt capitalist lackey” of West Germany but the splendidly entitled DDR – the German Democratic Republic. To these stalwarts of communist orthodoxy the Berlin Wall was “The Great Anti-Fascist Protection Barrier (!)” and calling East Germany a “Police State” was a “slander on Socialist Realism” etc; etc; Now, none of this rang true at the time and does so even less today. Those “friends of the East German people” (they loved the people you understand, they were never commies) moved onto solidarity with Cuba and then when the Cuban’s lost interest in them (around the time Russian money disappeared) they became involved with “Think Tanks” and “Progressive Journals” on the reasonable grounds that they have never had an original or progressive thought in their lives, indeed prior to that their thoughts had been about different types of tanks used to “correct the errors of the masses.”
The Great Anti-Fascist Protection Barrier - The beginning and the end
Now the German Left Wing has been much maligned and in the 20th Century has had reasonable grounds for angst. They were massacred by right wing thugs in the Weimar Republic (obit; Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht) and those who survived were systematically exterminated and driven into exile by the Nazi’s, indeed the left wing were the first people that Hitler practiced his coercion and extermination policies on whilst the world was happy enough to look away. After the war it was not difficult to think communism was the way forward and many idealists gravitated to the Soviet Zone to set up what was to be the DDR. Early West Germany was not an attractive state with many “cleansed” Nazis still in place and a corrupt political elite largely directed by the Western Occupying powers, but one was to eventually to find its feet and sense of purpose and for the East, after the Worker’s Uprising in June 1953 suppressed with Soviet tanks it became a Soviet satellite fearful of its own people.
This is the world examined as the endgame of the East German State was approaching in this film. The Lives of Others (original German: Das Leben der Anderen) is a German film, marking the feature film debut of writer and director Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck. It is set in the hyper paranoid East Germany before the Fall of the Berlin Wall when East Germany's Secret Police listened to your secrets and maintained an army of up to 400,000 informers. In 1984 East Berlin, an agent of the secret police, conducting surveillance on a writer and his lover, finds himself becoming increasingly absorbed by their lives.
With The Lives of Others, von Donnersmarck won the 2007 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. The film had earlier won seven Deutscher Filmpreis awards – including best film, best director, best screenplay, best actor, and best supporting actor – after having set a new record with 11 nominations. It was nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the 64th Golden Globe Awards. The thriller/drama involves the monitoring of the cultural scene of East Berlin by agents of the Stasi, the GDR's secret police. It stars Ulrich Mühe as Stasi Captain Gerd Wiesler, Ulrich Tukur as his chief Anton Grubitz, Sebastian Koch as the playwright Georg Dreymann, and Martina Gedeck as Dreymann's lover, a prominent actress named Christa-Maria Sieland.
It is a tribute to the richness of the film that one cannot say for sure who the hero is. The most prominent figure is Gerd Wiesler (Ulrich Mühe), yet if you passed him on the street you wouldn’t give him a second glance, or even a first. He would spot you, however, and file you away in a drawer at the back of his mind. Wiesler, based in East Berlin, is a captain in the Ministerium für Staatssicherheit, better known as the Stasi - the state security service, which, by the mid-nineteen-eighties, employed more than ninety thousand personnel. In addition, a modest hundred and seventy thousand East Germans became unofficial employees, called upon to snoop and snitch for the honour or, in practical terms, the survival of the state.
The German DVD of this film was recalled due to some statements director Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck made in his audio commentary about the alleged activities of politician Gregor Gysi and actress Jenny Gröllmann as official agents (IM) for the "Staatssicherheit" (secret police of former East Germany).
The movie tells the story of Stasi agent Wiesler (brilliant Ulrich Mühe), who follows his guidelines with chilling accuracy. His newest assignment is to wiretapping famed author Georg Dreymann (Sebastian Koch) and his companion, actress Christa-Maria Sieland (Martina Gedeck). Listening to their conversations, he gets more and more caught in their lives. Wiesler, as he is played here by Ulrich Mühe, is not an individual, but a symbol for the whole system, where people did everything they were told to do. Clad only in gray and brown, filmed in stark and cold light, he's at first not capable of feelings. On the other hand Dreymann and Sieland represent the anti-Establishment, the intellectuals, who were severely hunted, arrested and killed by the government.
The most frightening aspect here is the banality of it all. The offices are bleak, the people talk about bugging operations etc. with a frightening causality. These men in grey look, talk and behave like boring civil servants, and their approach, the "normality" of their job makes it terribly chilling. Director Florian Henckel-Donnersmarck is also able to recreate a feeling of constant observance and spying. In a disturbing scene a harmless joke becomes the center of suspicion and fear. We can glimpse how it must have been for citizens of the DDR, to live with constant suppression of their free will and opinion. As important it is, not to forget the good things and memories people might have of their past, it's also important not to forget or to reduce the impact and fear that this regime put on their people for 40 years.
This is a powerful film which turns into a suspenseful thriller with a complex and powerful moral drive. Were there people like Wiesler in the Stasi? Some of its victims say not. However, von Donnersmarck and Ulrich Mühe persuade us of that possibility without suggesting such figures were common. But as it unwraps the complex layers of personal motivation, loyalty and betrayal far from being alienated from the characters we are drawn to them as we recognise in their responses to a controlling system echoes of our own possible responses in a similar situation where the individual is always subservient.
The Lives of Others subtly evokes a vindictive society that exists by turning citizens against each other in the interests of national unity and collective security. It serves as a major warning to us and our elected leaders about where overzealousness and a lack of respect for individuals and their liberties can lead.
The subtitle of the German Version “Sonate vom guten Menschen” – Sonata for a Good Man is both the title of the piece of piano music given to Dreymann by his great friend Jerska, a director who has lost his reason to live after being blacklisted and the title of the valedictory book published by Dreymann after German re-unification in honour of the Stasi agent Wiesler who makes a moral choice to help his target but not in time to prevent Christa-Maria Sieland running under a car and being killed distraught that she has betrayed her lover to the Stasi.
At Dreyman's 40th birthday party, Jerska gives Dreyman a gift of sheet music to a piece titled "Sonata for A Good Man" (German: Sonate vom guten Menschen). Shortly afterward, Jerska commits suicide; this finally spurs Dreyman into speaking out publicly against the regime. Dreyman arranges through friends with West Germany's weekly magazine Der Spiegel to anonymously publish an article on suicide rates in the GDR. While the GDR publishes detailed statistics on many things, it has not published any information on suicide rates since the 1970s, presumably because they are embarrassingly high.
After unification Dreymann publishes a novel "Sonata for A Good Man" (the name of the sonata given to him by Jerska shortly before Jerska's suicide). Wiesler sees the book advertised in a bookstore, and finds that it is dedicated "To HGW XX/7, (His Stasi Code Name) with gratitude". Wiesler had been consigned to the bowels of the Stasi HQ for his disloyalty and after unification has a rubbish job delivering newspapers. He goes to buy the book and, when asked if he wants it gift wrapped, he responds quietly with a double entendre, "No; it's for me..."
A powerful and thoughtful movie wonderfully acted, tersely directed and shot with an art direction of meticulous meanness and coldness.
Just an hour and a half before Troy Davis' scheduled execution last night, the US Supreme Court stepped in and granted a stay until Monday September 29th! The court will decide whether or not to hear Davis' appeal on Monday.
Thank you to all who took action with us to stop this injustice. We hope the US Supreme Court makes the right decision next week. In the mean time, please continue to contact the Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles as they can grant clemency at any time.
For updates, please visit http://www.amnestyusa.org/troy Thanks for you support!
US Supreme Court Order
(ORDER LIST: 554 U.S.) TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 2008 ORDER IN PENDING CASE 08-66 DAVIS, TROY A. V. GEORGIA (O8A241) The application for stay of execution of sentence of death presented to Justice Thomas and by him referred to the Court is granted pending the disposition of the petition for a writ of certiorari. Should the petition for a writ of certiorari be denied, this stay shall terminate automatically. In the event the petition for a writ of certiorari is granted, the stay shall terminate upon the issuance of the mandate of this Court.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
'Where is the justice for me?' The case of Troy Davis, facing execution in Georgia
I think this country would be much better off if we did not have capital punishment... I really think it's a very unfortunate part of our judicial system and I would feel much, much better if more states would really consider whether they think the benefits outweigh the very serious potential injustice, because in these cases the emotions are very, very high on both sides and to have stakes as high as you do in these cases, there is a special potential for error.
US Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens
Introduction
Troy Anthony Davis has been on death row in Georgia for more than 15 years for the murder of a police officer he maintains he did not commit. Given that all but three of the witnesses who testified against Troy Davis at his trial have since recanted or contradicted their testimony amidst allegations that some of it had been made under police duress, there are serious and as yet unanswered questions surrounding the reliability of his conviction and the state's conduct in obtaining it. As the case currently stands, the government's pursuit of the death penalty contravenes international safeguards which prohibit the execution of anyone whose guilt is not based on "clear and convincing evidence leaving no room for an alternative explanation of the facts".
Amnesty International does not know if Troy Davis is guilty or innocent of the crime for which he is facing execution. As an abolitionist organization, it opposes his death sentence either way. It nevertheless believes that this is one in a long line of cases in the USA that should give even ardent supporters of the death penalty pause for thought. For it provides further evidence of the danger, inherent in the death penalty, of irrevocable error. As the Chief Justice of the United States Supreme Court wrote in 1993, "It is an unalterable fact that our judicial system, like the human beings who administer it, is fallible." Or as a US federal judge said in 2006, "The assessment of the death penalty, however well designed the system for doing so, remains a human endeavour with a consequent risk of error that may not be remediable."
The case of Troy Davis is a reminder of the legal hurdles that death row inmates must overcome in the USA in order to obtain remedies in the appeal courts. In this regard, Amnesty International fears that Troy Davis' avenues for judicial relief have been all but closed off. In particular, he is caught in a trap set by US Congress a decade ago when it withdrew funding from post-conviction defender organizations in 1995 and passed the Anti-terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act in 1996.
Troy and his Sisters
This report outlines the case of Troy Davis. Executive clemency will be his last hope if the courts prove unwilling or unable to provide a meaningful remedy. Time is running out.
The inescapable risk of error
A legal regime relying on the death penalty will inevitably execute innocent people -- not too often, one hopes, but undoubtedly sometimes. Mistakes will be made because it is simply not possible to do something this difficult perfectly, all the time. Any honest proponent of capital punishment must face this fact.
Thirty years after the USA resumed executions, any notion that the US capital justice system is free from error or inequity should by now have been dispelled. A landmark study published in 2000, for example, concluded that US death sentences are "persistently and systematically fraught with error". The study revealed that appeal courts had found serious errors -- those requiring a judicial remedy -- in 68 per cent of cases. The most common errors in US capital cases were "(1) egregiously incompetent defense lawyers who didn't even look for - and demonstrably missed - important evidence that the defendant was innocent or did not deserve to die; and (2) police or prosecutors who did discover that kind of evidence but suppressed it, again keeping it from the jury." The study expressed "grave doubt" as to whether the courts catch all such error.
In Troy Davis' case, his appeal lawyers have argued that his trial counsel failed to conduct an adequate investigation of the state's evidence, including allegations that some witnesses had been coerced by the police, or to present full and effective witness testimony of their own (the prosecution presented 30 witnesses in total, the defence presented six). They have also claimed that the state presented perjured testimony as well as evidence tainted by a police investigation which had used coercive tactics, including against children taken into custody for questioning. As shown below, alleged police coercion is a common theme that emerges from the affidavits that various witnesses have provided since the trial when recanting earlier statements.
Perhaps the starkest indicator of the fallibility of the US capital justice system is the fact that since the US Supreme Court approved new death penalty laws in 1976, more than 100 individuals have been released from death rows around the country on grounds of innocence. The cases of people like Anthony Porter -- who came 48 hours from execution in 1998 after more than 16 years on death row in Illinois before being proved innocent by a group of journalism students who happened to study his case -- stand as an indictment of a flawed system. In April 2002 in Illinois, the 14-member Commission appointed by the governor to examine that state's capital justice system in view of the number of wrongful convictions in capital cases there, reported that it was "unanimous in the belief that no system, given human nature and frailties, could ever be devised or constructed that would work perfectly and guarantee absolutely that no innocent person is ever again sentenced to death".
US Supreme Court
In similar vein, in January 2007, after a process in which it held five public hearings and took evidence from a wide range of witnesses, a Death Penalty Study Commission established by the New Jersey legislature recommended abolition of the death penalty in that state. The Commission had failed to find any compelling evidence that the death penalty served any legitimate penological purpose, and it concluded that only abolition could eliminate the risk of irreversible arbitrariness and error. New Jersey Death Penalty Study Commission Report, January 2007.
Yet still some maintain that exonerations of condemned inmates are a sign of the system working. Among those who have perpetuated this myth is US Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia. Such exonerations, he has contended, demonstrate "not the failure of the system but its success". Justice Scalia added:
"Like other human institutions, courts and juries are not perfect. One cannot have a system of criminal punishment without accepting the possibility that someone will be punished mistakenly. That is a truism, not a revelation. But with regard to the punishment of death in the current American system, that possibility has been reduced to an insignificant minimum."
It is disturbing that anyone, let alone a Justice of the Supreme Court, should consider as "insignificant" the risk of wrongful convictions in capital cases given what is known about the repeated failures of the system. The risk was not insignificant to the more than 100 individuals sentenced to death since 1976 who spent, on average, more than nine years between conviction and exoneration.(11) Factors that contributed to these wrongful convictions include prosecutorial or police misconduct and inadequate legal representation.
Of particular relevance in Troy Davis's case is the question of the reliability of the witness testimony used by the state to send him to death row. The problem of unreliable witness testimony as a source of error in capital cases has long been recognized. For example, a major study published in 1987 found that:
"By far the most frequent cause of erroneous convictions in our catalogue of 350 cases was error by witnesses; more than half of the cases (193) involved errors of this sort. Sometimes such errors occurred in conjunction with other errors, but often they were the primary or even the sole cause of the wrongful conviction. In one-third of the cases (117), the erroneous witness testimony was in fact perjured."
In addition, "clear injustices perpetrated by the police compose nearly a quarter of the errors" identified in this study. The majority of the error attributable to the police came in the form of coerced statements, with the remainder accounted for by negligence and over-zealous police work. Such misconduct was a major contributor to the wrongful conviction of four Illinois death row inmates, who were pardoned by the state governor in 2003 on the basis that their confessions had been tortured out of them by the police. The final report of the New Jersey Death Penalty Study Commission, released on 2 January 2007, noted the fallibility of eyewitness testimony in reaching the conclusion that "the penological interest in executing a small number of persons guilty of murder is not sufficiently compelling to justify the risk of making an irreversible mistake". For these and other reasons, the Commission has recommended abolition of the death penalty in New Jersey.
The problem of unreliable witness testimony, some of it exacerbated or caused by police misconduct, has been illustrated in a number of the other cases of those released since 1976 from death rows in the USA on the grounds of innocence. For example:
Thomas Gladish, Richard Greer, Ronald Keine and Clarence Smith were exonerated in 1976 in New Mexico two years after being sentenced to death. A newspaper investigation uncovered perjury by the prosecution's key witness, perjured identification given under police pressure, and the use of poorly administered lie detector tests.
The way we were - Electric Chair at Sing Sing
Earl Charles was sentenced to death in Georgia in 1975 and was on death row for three years before being exonerated. At his trial, two eyewitnesses identified him as the murderer. However, it was later revealed that the police had used suggestive photo line-up techniques and not revealed that the eyewitnesses had pointed to others in the line-up as possible suspects.
Larry Hicks was acquitted at a retrial in 1980, two years after being sentenced to death in Indiana. At the retrial, evidence showed that eyewitness testimony that had been used against him at the original trial had been perjured.
Anthony Brown was acquitted at a retrial in Florida in 1986. Three years earlier he had been sentenced to death on the basis of evidence from a co-defendant who received a life sentence. At the retrial, the co-defendant admitted that his original testimony had been perjured.
Neil Ferber was released in 1986, almost four years after he was sentenced to death in Pennsylvania. The state declined to retry him after, among other things, it emerged that a jailhouse informant had given perjured testimony at the first trial. Timothy Hennis was acquitted at a retrial in North Carolina in 1989, three years after being sentenced to death for murder. At the retrial, the defence discredited the witnesses who had testified at the original trial and pointed to a neighbour of Hennis who could have been responsible for the crime.
Charles Smith was acquitted in 1991 in Indiana, eight years after being sentenced to death. At the retrial, the defence presented evidence that witnesses at his original trial had given perjured testimony.
Federico Macias was sentenced to death in Texas in 1984 on the basis of the testimony of a co-defendant and jailhouse informants. His conviction was overturned, a grand jury refused to indict him again because of lack of evidence. He was released in 1993.
Walter McMillian was released in Alabama in 1993, six years after being sentenced to death. His conviction was overturned after it was shown that three of the state's witnesses had given perjured testimony.
Ronald Williamson was released in 1999. He was sentenced to death in Oklahoma in 1987. Among other things, his trial lawyer had failed to question the motive of a jailhouse informant who alleged that Williamson had confessed to the murder. Steve Manning had charges against him dropped in 2000. He had been sentenced to death in Illinois in 1993 on the basis of the word of a jailhouse informant who testified that Manning had confessed to him in jail.
Charles Fain was released in August 2001 after charges against him were dropped. He had been sentenced to death in Idaho in 1983. The evidence against him included the word of two jailhouse informants, who said that Fain had confessed to the murder. Joseph Amrine was released in Missouri in 2003, 17 years after being sentenced to death for murder on the basis of the testimony of fellow inmates, who later recanted their testimony.(16)
Alan Gell was acquitted in North Carolina in 2004, six years after being sentenced to death. At his retrial, the defence presented evidence that the state's two key witnesses had lied at the original trial.
Jurors in the Jean Charles de Menezes inquest today stood in silence at the spot where the 27-year-old Brazilian was shot dead by police marksmen. The six-woman, five-man panel was retracing Mr de Menezes's final steps and went to Stockwell Tube station where the shooting took place.
They filed through the ticket hall, down the escalator and onto platform two where Mr de Menezes had planned to take a northbound Northern line train. The jurors barely exchanged a word and coroner Sir Michael Wright did not speak throughout the 10-minute visit. The silence was only broken when a train full of passengers thundered through the station without stopping at the platform.
While Northern line trains were not stopping at the station, the Victoria line continued to operate as normal. On their way in and out of the station a court official pointed out the points the jurors were passing on their printed itinerary. The second day of the inquest into the death of the electrician on 22 July 2005 was set aside for a tour of key locations in the ill-fated police operation.
A convoy of coaches left the Oval cricket ground where the hearings are taking place with a police escort. The coroner travelled with the jury in the front coach, followed by legal teams travelling with the de Menezes family in the second and a media bus bringing up the rear. The visit to Stockwell was scheduled for an off-peak time on the 23rd December 2008 to minimise disruption for commuters.
In his opening yesterday, the coroner told of the confusion which existed before two firearms officers shot Mr de Menezes after mistaking him for failed suicide bomber Hussain Osman who had been on the run since attempting to detonate his bomb on the Tube the day before. Two weeks earlier, British-born al Qaeda bombers had succeeded in blowing up three Tube trains and a bus on a day of carnage in the capital.
Jurors have been told how firearm officers made a split second decision to kill the suspect. Sir Michael told the court that they had been convinced Mr de Menezes was Osman who was carrying out a second suicide bomb attack and could only be stopped by an "instant kill".
The coroner emphasised Mr de Menezes was entirely innocent.
Jean Charles de Menezes was shot dead by Metropolitan Police firearms officers at Stockwell Tube station, London, on July 22nd. 2005. Bizarrely the Met(as the Metropolitan Police or Scotland Yard are commonly known) is being prosecuted under English Law not for Murder or Manslaughter but under Health and Safety legislation for failing to protect the health of Jean Charles de Menezes and members of the public who were exposed to danger in the operation. Indeed.
The details revealed so far in court are of a 27 year old electrician peacefully going to work unaware he was being trailed, not being intercepted as a possible suspect, getting on and off two buses, wearing jeans and a T-shirt and a light jacket with no baggage or possibility of concealing anything on his person, going routinely through station barriers and pausing to pick up a free newspaper, taking his seat on a tube train.
There he was held without challenge by a police officer who immobilised him by holding his arms around him in a vice like grip whilst his two colleagues fired 7 special "124 grain" dum-dum style bullets into his head at point blank range. The details of this killing have appalled and dismayed the public in equal measure and common sense would suggest these feelings will not be addressed by a prosecution under "Health and Safety" legislation - this being somewhat beyond satire. I think we can take it as read that if you kill somebody wrongly you have not protected their "Health and Safety."
Scotland Yard have real issues to answer about the apparent ineptness of the operation and about the large amount of uncorrected disinformation disseminated afterwards from the Commissioner downwards that this innocent persons' killing was "related to the ongoing terrorist situation", that he behaved suspiciously, ran away from officers, vaulted over ticket barriers and was wearing "bulky clothing". As none of this was true, where did it come from?
Hindsight is a great teacher, it is always a pity we don't have it beforehand, but there is another side to this sad story. Fifteen days previously on the 7th July 2005 4 suicide bombers had detonated 3 bombs on the Tube and one on a London bus. They killed 52 people (and themselves) in the biggest mass murder in peacetime Britain. The roll call of the dead is heart rending encompassing a typical cross section of Londoner's going about their day, young and old from every continent, colour and religious persuasion including a 19 year old Muslim girl on the threshold of her life. Of the 4 "brave" martyrs one was a 19 year old Jamaican Muslim convert who lived near me in Aylesbury and who took 26 lives on a Piccadilly Line train between Russell Square and King's Cross. What did a 19 year old know about life and what sort of crypto fascism justifies this cruel obscenity towards people you do not know but look in the eye before killing and maiming them? Maimed indeed for as well as the dead there were over 300 injured, some who lost limbs and eyes and some who will never live independent lives again.
I was in London that day and for a number of days afterwards spent afternoons and evenings helping people cope with the transport disruption. Two things were palpable. one was the great determination that London would not be brought to its knees by what happened, there was the quiet unseen courage of the Tube and Bus drivers who climbed into cabs at dawn the next morning and in their own way said "let's Roll!". The sense of determination was shared by the public who displayed stoic courage by insisting on going about their everyday business and not being terrorised even if it meant walking halfway across London to work.
Nerves were of course there under the surface but they had recovered somewhat when exactly 2 weeks later on the 21st July 2005 there was almost a carbon copy attempt of 4 suicide bomb attacks on the transport system in London by fanatics equally determined to destroy their fellow unknown human beings. This second attempt nearly succeeded and only failed because they had made a small error in the formulation of the homemade but deadly explosives they attempted to detonate. This second attempt was a great shock to the system, to the morale of Londoner's and no doubt to the security services who felt they had bottomed out all the leads and had stabilised the situation.
Now along with all of London they were looking into the abyss and not knowing what they were looking at or where the next threat would come from. What is happening and how many more are out there? - was the general public feeling. It was Jean Charles de Menezes great misfortune that he lived in a block of flats which was also the address of Hussain Osman, one of the failed suicide bombers from the day before and he was not entirely dissimilar in appearance given the limited identification information the police had to go on.
No doubt these court proceedings and further inevitable investigations will draw their own conclusions and I'm not attempting to anticipate them, but I make two observations of my own.
One is that society as a whole is not pacifist. We expect that the welfare of all is protected and logically that means we assent to people killing on our behalf. So we agree an Army is maintained and we expect it to kill and its troops to accept the possibility they will also be killed in combat. If an embassy is besieged, if a plane is hijacked or if a deranged gunman walks down the street killing at will we expect somebody to deal with the threat on our behalf. And if a suicide bomber is apprehended before he can blow us up we expect they will be killed. On the morning of the 22nd July 2005, the Met, a civilian police force had called in all the help it could get from the Defence and Security services and was trying to cover an impossible number of bases not knowing where the next threat was or where it would come from. Wherever fault lays in this sorry story it does lay with the three armed officers acting under orders who entered a Tube train to stop what they thought was Hussain Osman detonating a bomb.
The second point is who those of us who live and work in London felt that morning. Shamefully, I can remember my reaction was "Good on them, they got one!" and I can tell you in feeling that I was in a majority of, well, everybody. For at that stage, below the surface, there was a palpable sense of fear about town. And that is the point of the sheer obscenity and ruthless cruelty the suicide bomber. It desensitises all of us and for the sake of our protection makes us accept in our heart that which we would not normally accept in our head.
That desensitivity is something we all must fight against because otherwise the bomber has won and that must and will never happen. In this case it means we must, however difficult it may seem, try to do two things. Respect the memory of Jean Charles de Menezes and the grief of his family and respect the courage of the Police Officers who, out of a profound sense of public duty, did the unthinkable on all our behalves.
In the sad event that there is no intervention today, Troy Davis will be executed by the state of Georgia at 7 p.m.
Please make one last attempt to halt the execution of a potentially innocent man. Call the Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles and the Georgia Attorney General's Office and urge them to stop the execution.
BOARD OF PARDONS AND PAROLES: 404-657-9350
GEORGIA ATTORNEY GENERAL: 404-656-3300
Mr. Davis' serious claims of innocence, which include the recantation of 7 out of 9 witnesses, have never been heard in court. Further, no murder weapon was found and no physical evidence linked Davis to the crime.
For more information visit: http://www.amnestyusa.org/death-penalty/troy-davis-finality-over-fairness/page.do?id=1011343&n1=3&n2=28&n3=1412
Thanks for taking the time to support fairness for Troy Davis. If you have not already done so, please forward this urgent action (http://www.amnestyusa.org/troydavis) to all of your friends.
In solidarity, The Campaign to Abolish the Death Penalty Amnesty International USA
Your message was sent to:
Georgia State Board State Board of Pardons & Paroles
I was saddened to learn that you denied clemency to Troy Anthony Davis on September 12, but I recognize that you can revisit this decision at any time between now and September 23. I strongly urge you to do so.
I welcomed your decision to stay the execution of Troy Davis in July 2007. When you issued this decision, you stated that the Board "will not allow an execution to proceed in this State unless and until its members are convinced that there is no doubt as to the guilt of the accused." In March, the Georgia Supreme Court denied Troy Davis a hearing, so doubts of his guilt will always remain. Please be true to your words of last year and commute the death sentence of Troy Davis.
As you know, Mr. Davis has been on death row in Georgia for more than 15 years for the murder of a police officer he maintains that he did not commit. Davis' conviction was not based on any physical evidence, and the murder weapon was never found. Instead, the case was based solely on the testimony of witnesses, many of whom now allege police coercion, and most of whom have since recanted their testimony. Despite mounting evidence that Davis may in fact be innocent of the crime, appeals to courts to hold a hearing on this evidence have been repeatedly denied for procedural reasons.
This case has generated widespread attention, which reflects serious concerns in Georgia and throughout the United States about the potential for executing an innocent man. Nothing can undermine public faith in a criminal justice system faster than an execution when serious doubts about guilt have not been resolved. The power of clemency exists as a safety net to prevent such an irreversible error and preserve public confidence in the state’s capacity for justice. The integrity of justice in Georgia is at stake in this case, and I urge you to reconsider your September 12 decision and stop the execution of Troy Davis.
From the London Evening Standard 23rd September 2008
Boris: Bendy buses will be gone from streets by 2015 Martin Bentham, Home Affairs Editor
The Mayor today hit back at critics of his plan to scrap bendy buses by vowing to implement a "timetable of doom" that will see the last one disappear from London's streets by 2015.
On a BBC Radio London phonein, Boris Johnson said the first bendy buses would be removed next year.
His pledge follows a warning by some London Assembly members that the change could lead to passengers facing more crowded and slower journeys, higher costs and increased carbon emissions.
Mr Johnson has already rejected such claims and said he was only staggering the abolition to ensure taxpayers were not "ripped off" by suppliers if replacement vehicles had to be ordered too quickly. "There is a timetable of doom up in my office," he added.
A consultation on bendy buses on three routes - the 38 from Victoria to Clapton, 507 from Victoria to Waterloo, and 521 from Waterloo to London Bridge - has begun and new vehicles are to be introduced on the routes.
The Mayor is expected to announce the winning design for a new generation of Routemaster buses in November.
Bombast! The power of a 18 pounder Blomefield cannon at Tower No. 7 Killiney, Co. Dublin
Tower No. 11 - Joyce Tower Sandycove, Co. Dublin.
Growing up in Dublin Martello Towers were like old friends which beaded the coastline around the city like a string of pearls. Dublin City has a wonderful maritime location with a sweeping bay with to the north the rugged promontory of Howth with its cliffs and fishing harbour and to the north the dunes of Portmarnock and the port of Malahide with the Donabate peninsula beyond. To the south of the harbour you have the magnificent South Bull Wall designed by Captain Bligh of Mutiny on the Bounty fame and the sweep of the bay towards Dun Laoghaire, Sandycove and beyond Dalkey the heights of Killiney Hill with beyond a deep water and flat strand before you arrive at Bray Head.
To protect the city from invasion by the French 12 towers were built to the North and 16 to the South along with complementary artillery batteries and signal towers. Loughlinstown Camp, inland from the Towers, was disbanded in 1799 after the 1798 Rebellion when the authorities became nervous about having such a large garrison of mainly Irish Troops so close to Dublin. The Towers around Dublin were mainly built in 1801/03 and over the years many of these towers became disused or fallen into other uses so their purpose is not clearly understood. That is why the authentic restoration of Tower No. 7 on Killiney Hill along with its glacis, musket points and artillery battery is an exciting event, all the more laudable due to the restoration being completed by an altruistic private individual.
Martello Tower Balbriggan, North Co, Dublin.
Martello towers (or simply Martellos) are small defensive forts built in several countries of the British Empire during the 19th century, from the time of the Napoleonic Wars onwards. They stand up to 40 feet (12m) high (with two floors) and typically had a garrison of one officer and 15-25 men. Their round structure and thick walls of solid masonry made them resistant to cannon fire, while their height made them an ideal platform for a single heavy artillery piece, mounted on the flat roof and able to traverse a 360° arc. A few Martello towers were surrounded by a moat for extra defence. They were used throughout the 19th century, but became obsolete with the introduction of powerful rifled artillery. Many have survived to the present day, often preserved as historic monuments.
Finnevarra Martello Tower and ruins of Gunners Quarters, Galway Bay
Martello towers were inspired by a round fortress, part of a larger Genovese defence system, at Mortella Point in Corsica. Since the 15th century, similar towers had been built at strategic points around Corsica to protect coastal villages and shipping from North African pirates. They stood one or two stories high and measured 12-15 m (36-45 ft) in diameter, with a single doorway 5 m off the ground that could only be reached by climbing a removable ladder. The towers were paid for by local villagers and staffed by watchmen (known as torregiani) who would signal the approach of unexpected ships by lighting a fire on the tower's roof. This would alert the local defence forces to the incoming threat. Although the pirate threat subsequently dwindled, the Genovese built a newer generation of circular towers which were used to ward off later foreign invasions.
Punta Mortella, Corsica - The original tower blown up by the British Navy
On 7 February 1794, the tower at Mortella Point was attacked by two British warships, HMS Fortitude (74 guns) and HMS Juno (32 guns), and was eventually captured by land-based forces under Sir John Moore after two days of heavy fighting. Vice-Admiral Lord Hood reported:
"...The Fortitude and Juno were ordered against it, without making the least impression by a continued cannonade of two hours and a half; and the former ship being very much damaged by red-hot shot, both hauled off. The walls of the Tower were of a prodigious thickness, and the parapet, where there were two eighteen-pounders, was lined with bass junk, five feet from the walls, and filled up with sand; and although it was cannonaded from the Height for two days, within 150 yards, and appeared in a very shattered state, the enemy still held out; but a few hot shot setting fire to the bass, made them call for quarter. The number of men in the Tower were 33; only two were wounded, and those mortally."
Martello towers worldwide map
The British were impressed by the effectiveness of the tower against their most modern warships and copied the design. However, they got the name wrong, misspelling "Mortella" as "Martello". The ancient tower of Punta Mortella guarded the Gulf of St - Florent since the second half of the 16th century, when it was built (around 1563) according the plan of Italian architect Giacomo Palearo as a part of the Genoese defensive system.The tower had two 18-pounder guns on top and made the bay impossible for the British to use in their invasion of February 1794. The British later blew up the tower but were so impressed that from 1805 they based their own Martello tower coastal defences against Napoleon on it. They corrupted the Italian name "mortella" (myrtle) into "martello".
Sandymount Tower today
As a Tram terminus 1925
A similar purpose lies behind another of Britain's great, and much misunderstood, Napoleonic defences - the chain of 103 Martello Towers stretching from Seaford in the west to Aldeburgh on the East Anglian coast built between Spring 1805 and 1812.
These squat, ovoid-shaped brick-built towers are immensely strong. The basic principle of the towers is their rounded angled shape helps them to deflect shot rather than taking the impact full on. Essentially their structure, with or without the central pillar in the larger towers, plays to the structural strength of the construction material by having a quasi parabolic shell structure so all forces from inward munitions are mainly resolved by the construction material being in compression where it is at its strongest. Often there is a protective glacis, or grassed ramp, in front of the tower to deflect incoming cannon and provide a clear field of fire for the tower’s muskets. In addition the circular tower with its inward angle going backwards as you go up in height deflects the incoming shot minimising damage to the tower which is normally oval rather than circular with the walls thicker on the sea-side. The sheer mass of the towers also allows them to absorb the force from the incoming fire and deflect the energy off its rounded structure. Also due to their siting incoming cannon fire was normally in an upward trajectory losing much of its velocity and kinetic energy in the process. Conversely the cannon on the cradle of the Martello had a clear 360° line of fire in a downward angle gaining velocity in its trajectory. Taken in conjunction with the sophisticated ventilation and drainage / water storage systems built into the towers it will be appreciated that these were a deceptively cleverly engineered piece of military engineering which gave considerable protection and autonomy to the defending garrison.
In Britain these towers tended to be constructed in dense overburnt engineering brick and in Ireland in dressed granite. Whatever the materials used the construction was substantial and of the highest standard which is why so many are still extant.
Martello Towers were the idea of Captain William Ford of the Royal Engineers and they were sited roughly 600 yards apart and each mounted a long-range 24 pounder cannon. The aim was to cover the most likely landing beaches and to confuse any French landing while British reserves and Royal Navy ships were rushed to the area. These towers were never tested which is a great tribute. The best defence is that which deters attack and certainly the French regarded these little 'bulldogs' as a formidable barrier. With hindsight it appears that all these defences were, essentially, pointless since Nelson's victory at Trafalgar in October 1805 - at the very moment the construction of the Martello Tower system was getting under way - made a French invasion of Britain a virtual impossibility.
Defensive Features
But in late 1805 the picture was not quite so clear. After the destruction of his fleet at Trafalgar Napoleon went on to win, in December 1805, the vastly important victory at Austerlitz that confirmed the French as the military and political masters of Europe. A French fleet could be reconstructed and, as far as the British could see, it was just a matter of time before the French were again in a position to invade. It was not until 1812 when Napoleon and his allies were smashed in Russia that the invasion of Britain was clearly beyond the French - and in this year the construction of the chain of Martello towers ceased.
After a short truce (and the much ignored Treaty of Amiens in 1802), war again broke out between England and France in 1803 and in view of past invasion attempts by the French, the British drew up plans to fortify likely landing places in Britain and around the coasts of Ireland. British spies could again report that Boulogne had become an enormous Camp for a French Army of over 130.000 men and 22,000 landing boats poised ready to invade Britain. The Royal Navy also made known their presence to the French and was ready to prevent the invasion force from leaving French waters.
A comprehensive plan of fortifications was approved by the enactment of the National Defence Act 1804 to protect the English coasts from invasion and this plan was also extended to include Ireland. The principal feature of the network of fortifications being constructed on the Coasts of England and Ireland was The Martello Tower. 74 Towers were built between Folkestone in Kent and Seaford, 12 miles west of Eastbourne. These are described as the South Coast towers and numbered (1-74) from east to west. A further 29 towers were built on the East coast between Point Clear in Essex and Aldeburgh in Suffolk. 50 Towers are known to have been built in Ireland. In Ireland the thought of a French Invasion had not been entirely theoretical. There had in fact been one actual and two abortive invasions in support of the United Irishmen and Irish Independence.
The interior of a Martello tower was divided into three stories (sometimes with an additional basement). The ground floor served as the magazine and storerooms, where ammunition, stores and provisions were kept. The garrison of 24 men and one officer lived in a casemate on the first floor, which was divided into several rooms and had fireplaces built into the walls for cooking and heating. The officer and men lived in separate rooms of almost equal size. The roof or terreplein was surmounted with one or two cannon on a central pivot which enabled them to be turned through up to 360 degrees. A well or cistern was provided within the fort to supply the garrison with fresh water. An internal drainage system linked to the roof enabled the cistern to be refilled with rainwater.
Portmarnock Martello Tower, Co. Dublin
A number of Martello towers were built around the coast of Ireland, especially along the east, from Millmount (Drogheda), to Bray, around Dublin Bay but also around Cork Harbour on the south coast. On the east coast, concentrated mainly around Dublin Bay, the towers were in line of sight of each other, providing the ability to communicate with one another, or warn of any incoming attacks. Possibly the most famous is the Martello tower in Sandycove, near Dún Laoghaire, in which James Joyce lived for a few days. Joyce shared the tower with Oliver St. John Gogarty, then a medical student but later to become famous in Irish history as a surgeon, politician and writer. The fictional character Stephen Dedalus lives in the tower with a medical student, Malachi "Buck" Mulligan, in Ulysses. The character Buck Mulligan was based by Joyce on Gogarty. Known as the James Joyce Tower, it is now a museum dedicated to Joyce.
A number of other Martello towers are extant nearby at Bulloch Harbour, Dalkey Island, Williamstown, Seapoint and Sandymount and Martello towers feature in many literary works set in Dublin. On the north side of the city, Martello towers can be found in Portmarnock, Howth, and Sutton and on both Ireland's Eye and Lambay Island. During the 1980s Bono owned the Martello tower in Bray, County Wicklow.
Dublin Bay with Killiney in the bottom right
Dublin Bay c. 1820
During the 19th century Fenian uprising, Monning Martello tower near Fota Island in Cork Harbour was briefly captured and held by the famous Captain Mackey and is believed to have been the only one ever captured. The tower at Seapoint, County Dublin, is the headquarters of the Genealogical Society of Ireland, while the restored tower at Ilnacullin is a feature of an island garden in Glengarriff, County Cork. Several other towers are still extant, including one at Rathmullan (the flight of the Earls), County Donegal.
There are generally three sizes constructed in Ireland and Tower No. 7 in Killiney is the smallest size without the central pillar typical of the larger structures. In England the towers were generally the larger type with a massive brick pillar which rose from the foundations to the roof to support the weight of the gun, and provided the base for the central pivot, around which the gun carriage could turn through 360 degrees. The original 24-pounder cannon had a range of about 1000 yards.
Once the bricks had been delivered to the proposed tower sites, work began. It took roughly 500,000 bricks to construct each tower; such was the thickness of the walls, which decreased from base to top. The towers therefore sloped from a wider base to a narrower top, and were not truly round, but slightly elliptical, the thicker part of the walls facing towards the sea. This was designed to help enemy cannon balls to bounce off the walls harmlessly. As different builders were employed along the coast, tower dimensions can vary.
Structural Features
The towers were an incredible feat of engineering - the sheer complexity of the structure can only be marvelled at. Foundations were sunk to an unknown depth, and consisted of large stones laid roughly in the outline of a circle. The tower was then built up from this solid rock base. The bricks were bonded in “hot lime mortar”, which was a mixture of lime, ash and hot tallow. The resulting bond was phenomenally hard. Experiments had been conducted at Woolwich by the Royal Engineers prior to construction, to determine the best mix. Cannonballs were fired at the experimental walls, and were found to bounce off. This was partly due to the roundness of the shot not being able to get sufficient contact with the surface of the rounded and sloping tower walls. It was not until the birth of the Rifled Muzzle-Loader (RML) gun in the 1860's, with its pointed shells, that the Martello's walls were really under threat, and even then they gave a good account of themselves. The external surface of the tower was coated with a tough cement covering known as “stucco”, to seal in the brickwork.
The core of the larger Martello structures was the central pillar. It was designed to support the first floor, the magnificent vaulted ceiling and roof, as well as the gun. Up to first floor level it was about 1.5m thick, then being cut back to 1.4m to hold the floor. It then rose up and arched out to support the vaulted ceiling, said to be as much as 3m thick. Inside the pillar was encased an old cannon, no longer in use. This was used to hold the centre-pin around which the gun carriage rotated.
The top of the pillar was capped with a granite slab when it reached the gun platform. It was vital that the towers did not become damp inside, as this would cause the floor and room partitions to decay, not to mention the effect that damp gunpowder had in preventing cannon firing. Air vents were therefore ingeniously built into the brickwork from the parapet and windows to carry air into the magazine area, stairway and first floor.
Rooftop Cannon
Vents were placed just above the fire step on the roof and were taken down to just below the wooden floor level, in an attempt to keep damp to a minimum. Another vent was run from the roof and down into the arch of the staircase passage, which also had a vent that led into the garrison's quarters in the form of a circular hole just to the left of the doorway to the stairs.
Two circular vents were let into the top of the window arches and these led around the walls and down to the ventilation alcoves in the magazine. If the powder, fuses and musket cartridges became damp they would be useless, and would effectively render the tower defenceless. Also incorporated into the walls was the means by which rainwater from the roof was piped down into the cistern. Drains were sunk into the roof, and culminated into a system of lead pipes that were carried down to the foundations in a recess that ran the length of the tower.
The ground floor of the tower was devoted to storage of materials and supplies. The magazine was built into the thickness of the sea wall, which is surprising, as it must have weakened the wall which was designed to be the strongest. In the lockers were stored the dangerous materials, such as the gunpowder and slow match. The magazine was walled off from the rest of the floor for safety reasons. Some towers had storage areas divided up by wooden partitions. The ground floor was not lit, apart from a lantern on a special shelf, which lit the magazine area from behind a glass window, to prevent naked flame from being introduced into the gunpowder supply. The magazine was shut off by a door which was lined with copper sheet. This was because copper is less likely to cause a spark, which could be very dangerous, given the close proximity to a supply of gunpowder.
The garrison's living quarters were situated twenty feet above ground level on a wooden floor. Stone corbels built into the walls supported the outer edges of the floor, whilst the central column was cut back to support the inner side. Despite the air vents built into the walls at ground and first floor level, the towers did not dry out enough. The method of scraping the floorboards and treating them with quick lime failed to stop dry rot setting in, as nearly all original floors have now gone. Another fire precaution was the use of wooden dowels to fix the boards down instead of nails. This was to ensure that the hobnails in the soldiers' boots did not cause sparks to fly.
The roof was the platform for the single cannon, originally a 24-pounder, and later a 32-pounder. A rotating oak carriage allowed the gun to be rotated through 360 degrees, with the use of block and tackle hooked onto iron rings built into the parapet wall. The roof consisted of raised granite firestep around which ran an iron track (known as a 'racer') for the gun carriage, another racer being on the central pivot. The parapet coping was of a durable sandstone, and was cut in a fashion so that it sloped downwards to enable the garrison to shoot closer to the tower base with musket fire should enemy infantry attempt to storm the walls. The chimneys from the fireplaces were built into the walls and culminated in a pair of chimney stacks on the parapet. The placement of the chimneys may have been deliberate, to prevent the cannon from easily 'muzzle-sweeping' a neighbouring tower or battery, although if the need arose, the stacks would probably have been unceremoniously removed to clear the gun's field of fire.
Tower No. 7, Killiney, Dublin.
For only the second time in over 200 years, No.7 Martello Tower, in Killiney, Co. Dublin, Ireland, was inaugurated on Saturday, 12th July 2008. This was (almost) the culmination of a project aimed at restoring the Tower to its original state. Niall O'Donoghue has undertaken the restoration at great expense, both financially and in terms of effort, and the result is stunning.
The smaller Killiney Martello Tower (Tower No. 7) is a free-standing, compact, squat, circular, two-storey structure built over a vaulted cellar with a parapet- protected roof which has a fixture for a large traversing cannon. The tower stands 10m high, with bomb-proof walls, over 3 metres thick in places. It is built with large granite blocks and is a magnificent feat of engineering.
Major La Chaussée's original analysis of the vulnerability of the Bay to a French attack.
Door Tower No. 7
There is a stone staircase to the roof. The first- floor was the garrison's living quarters for eleven men and one officer. There were 2 rooms on this floor with one window & one fireplace in each. The entrance door was on this floor also. It was 3 m from the ground and access was by a ladder, which could be be withdrawn into the tower in an emergency
Model of Tower No. 7
The latrines were outside in the corner of the grounds. The ground floor was devoted to storage of materials and supplies. Incorporated in it was ammunition’s magazine which was walled off for safety reasons. The Tower is surrounded by a stone wall with a 3m wide and sloping embankment in front so that any attackers could not hide behind it. In front of the tower on the seaward side there was a musket firing point overlooking the glacis and in its original form there would have been an artillery battery of three guns facing seaward.
The Captain's Quarter's
Tower 7 from Killiney Hill Road before restoration
No. 7 Tower was part of the defences of Killiney Bay against a possible French invasion in the period 1804 to 1815. The other towers and batteries have suffered a variety of fates, but this one was rescued and restored to its original state by Niall O'Donoghue, who bought the much neglected site off the local council where it had been used as a maintenance yard storing building materials and equipment.
The "new" cannon in its rotating cradle
The Gunner O'Donoghue
The project has been long and meticulous and the (almost) finished Tower was inaugurated with much ceremony, jollity and efficiency on the 12th of July 2008. The newly cast 18 pdr. Blomefield cannon was successfully fired and a blaze of colour was added by the Redcoat finery and arms of the firing party and their escort. Musket volleys were also fired as a teaser to the main event.
The 18 Pounder's Bloomfield canon's Bombast
A volley of muskets
As well as the tower Niall has restored the musket firing point and glacis and rebuilt the gunner’s cottage on the site in reclaimed materials. However the piece de resistance is the “new” 18 pounder Blomefield cannon he had cast in the UK and the authentic oak cradle and tackle he had constructed. His obsession knew no bounds as he then completed a gunnery course at Fort Nelson, Hampshire so he could be licensed for the ceremonial “bombast” which echoed around Dublin Bay on the 12th July last. He is now in the privileged position of having a cannon poised over his neighbours which given the territoriality of some of the local inhabitants is no bad thing!
Inspecting the Redcoats - not a common sight in modern Ireland
The Ladies were in attendance
One final item to report, despite the redcoat eyes and telescopes being on high alert and scanning the horizon the French did not show on the day. Plus ca change, plus c'est la meme chose, n'est-ce pas?
I’m very grateful to Pól Ó Duibhir for allowing me to use material and photos from his site on the inauguration of Tower No. 7. But mainly I am grateful for discovering a wonderful site which has much of Irish, Military and Local interest to commend it plus a Blog as Gaeilge. Have a look;
This is Pól’s article on Loughlinstown Camp which was inland protecting Killiney Bay before the Towers were built. It was disbanded in 1799 after the 1798 Rebellion when the authorities became nervous about having such a large garrison of mainly Irish Troops so close to Dublin.
Boris Johnson has vowed that his first act as Mayor of London will be to scrap bendy buses and replace them with a modern-day Routemaster. Mr Johnson said that the controversial buses were abused by fare dodgers and highly dangerous to cyclists.
Speaking at the first Tory candidates hustings meeting, the MP for Henley said that he would introduce a new version of the Routemaster bus that had been axed by Ken Livingstone. Their replacement would be fully accessible for the disabled and mothers with buggies. He said: "We should on day one, act one, scene one, hold a competition to get rid of the bendy bus. They wipe out cyclists, there are many cyclists killed every year by them.
"It's not beyond the wit of man to design a new Routemaster which will stand as an icon of this city."
Mr Johnson also said that he would stand up for the "many" in London who depended on their car and vowed to spend more of the congestion charge on repairing roads, particularly outside the centre of the city. Just £10 million of the nearly £1 billion raised by the congestion charge had gone on improving roads, he said. In a question and answer session in Westminster last night, the Tory front-runner also called for all ethnic minority communities in London to have a "good command of English".
He said: "It's tragic that there are people in the second and third generations who still don't speak English. "If you don't speak English, you cannot take part in the economy and that's one of the reasons those communities are doing badly."
I'm grateful to AS for this extract of actual ads from the Lonely Hearts pages of ' Ireland 's Own' For those who do not know this esteemed periodical it represents an Ireland we know little about and which hardly existed in reality. As such it plays a valuable part in protecting us from alien cultures!
Heavy drinker, 35, Cork area. Seeks gorgeous sex addict interested in a man who loves his pints, cigarettes, Glasgow Celtic Football Club and has been known to start fights on Patrick Street at three o'clock in the morning. ------------------------------ Donegal man, 50, in desperate need of a ride. Anything considered. ------------------------------ Grossly overweight Louth turf-cutter, 42 years old, Gemini, seeks nimble sex-pot, preferably South American, for tango sessions, candlelit dinners and humid nights of screaming passion. Must have own car and be willing to travel. ------------------------------ Limerick man, 27, medium build, brown hair, blue eyes, seeks alibi for the night of February 27 between 8 PM and 11:30 PM. -------------------------- Artistic Clare woman, 53, petite, loves rainy walks on the beach, poetry, unusual sea-shells and interesting brown rice dishes, seeks mystic dreamer for companionship, back rubs and more as we bounce along like little tumbling clouds on life's beautiful crazy journey. Strong stomach essential. -------------------------- Ginger haired Galway man, a troublemaker, gets slit-eyed and shítty after a few scoops, seeks attractive, wealthy lady for bail purposes, maybe more. -------------------------- Bad tempered, foul-mouthed old bastard, living in a damp cottage in the arsé end of Roscommon, seeks attractive 21 year old blonde lady with a lovely chest. ------------------------ Optimistic Mayo man, 35, seeks a blonde 20 year old double-jointed super model, who owns her own brewery and has an open-minded twin sister. -------------------------- Following a sad recent loss, teetotal Tipperary man, 53, seeks replacement Mammy. Must like biscuits and answer to the name Minnie. Thurles area. -------------------------- Bitter, disillusioned Dublin man, lately rejected by long-time fiancée, seeks decent, honest, reliable woman, if such a thing still exists in this cruel world of hatchet-faced bítches
For those who think this is improbable then you have probably never been at the Lisdoonvarna Matchmaking Festival. Lisdoonvarna in Co Clare is a "Spa" Town noted for the undrinkable quality of its sulphurous water which tastes like rotten eggs. Traditionally the farming community in the West of Ireland gathered there after the harvest in September and the Matchmaking became a serious matter with the number of acres and store bullocks on the table in the "Match" playing as much a role as the attributes or otherwise of the two parties to the Match.
This is the official blurb for what is now a six week festival and for the last matchmaker, Willie Daly who runs a riding school (sic) near Ennistymon.
150 years of Matchmaking in Lisdoonvarna
"Matchmaking is one of Ireland's oldest traditions and, for the last couple of hundred years, a good deal of it has taken place in Lisdoonvarna during September and early October.
The name Lisdoonvarna comes from 'Lios Duin Bhearna', which means the lios or enclosure of the fort in the gap. The town developed into a tourist centre as early as the middle of the 18th-century when a top Limerick surgeon discovered the beneficial effects of its mineral waters. People travelled from near and far to bathe in, and drink, the mineral waters. Rich in iron, sulphur and magnesium, the waters gave relief from the symptoms of certain diseases including rheumatism and glandular fever. The Spa Hotel was the centre around which the village developed. The opening of the West Clare Railway contributed towards that development, although the nearest railway station was seven miles away at Ennistymon. This station opened in l887 and from that time onwards, until the advent of the motorcar, tourists travelled from the train in pony and trap to ''The Spa''. It was due to the popularity of these mineral springs and the huge amount of people going there that led to the Lisdoonvarna “matchmaking tradition". September became the peak month of the holiday season and with the harvest safely in, bachelor farmers flocked to Lisdoonvarna in search of a wife. By the 1920s, matchmaking was still in vogue and people continued to come and "take the waters", including many of Ireland's clergy. It was around this time that one of Lisdoonvarna's most famous sayings was coined, describing the town as a place "where parish priests pretend to be sober and bank clerks pretend to be drunk" .
Today, there is just one official Matchmaker left in Co. Clare: Mr. Willie Daly who runs the riding centre outside Ennistymon and practices match making part time. With the exception of the pairings he plans and negotiates, very little genuine matchmaking takes place nowadays. However, Lisdoonvarna’s annual festival has evolved into Europe's largest single's event. People don’t necessarily come to look for a spouse - they come by the thousands in search of a good time. For the month of September, dances run from 12.00 noon each day and carry on into the small hours of the next morning. Set dancing exhibitions are also a feature of the event and there’s live Irish music in most pubs, although getting to the bar can be quite a task, but don't worry or hurry, because the music carries on until the early hours.
If you can afford the time and the money, and you're single, head for Lisdoonvarna this September and early October. You never know - as well as enjoying all of the good-natured fun and grand "craic", you might also find the perfect mate!"
http://www.matchmakerireland.com/
This is so ingrained in Ireland's National Physic it has been immortalised in song by the great Irish singer Christy Moore - Here are some of the words and the Video - If you have left it too late for this year start making your plans for 2009!
Lisdoonvarna
Christy Moore
How's it goin' there everybody, From Cork, New York, Dundalk, Gortahork and Glenamaddy. Here we are in the County Clare It's a long, long way from here to there. There's the Burren and the Cliffs of Moher, the Tulla and the Kilfenora, Miko Russell, Doctor Bill, Willy Clancy, Noel Hill. Flutes and fiddles everywhere. If it's music you want, You should go to Clare.
CHORUS
G C Oh, Lisdoonvarna G C Lisdoon, Lisdoon, Lisdoon, Lisdoonvarna!
Everybody needs a break, Climb a mountain or jump in a lake. Some head off to exotic places, Others go to the Galway Races. Mattie goes to the South of France, Jim to the dogs, Peter to the dance. A cousin of mine goes potholing, A cousin of hers loves Joe Dolan. Summer comes around each year, We go there and they come here. Some jet off to ... Frijiliana, But I always go to Lisdoonvarna.
CHORUS
I always leave on a Thursday night, With me tent and me groundsheet rolled up tight. I like to hit Lisdoon, In around Friday afternoon. This gives me time to get me tent up and my gear together, I don't need to worry about the weather. Ramble in for a pint of stout, you'd never know who'd be hangin' about! There's a Dutchman playing a mandolin, And a German looking for Liam Óg O'Floinn. And there's Adam, Bono and Garrett Fitzgerald, Gettin' their photos taken for the Sunday World. Finbarr, Charlie and Jim Hand, And they drinkin' pints to bate the band. ( why would'nt they for Jasus sake are'nt they getting it for nothing)
CHORUS
The multitudes, they flocked in throngs To hear the music and the songs. Motorbikes and Hi-ace vans, With bottles - barrels - flagons - cans. Mighty craic. Loads of frolics, Pioneers and alcoholics, PLAC, SPUC and the FCA, Free Nicky Kelly and the IRA. Hairy chests and milk-white thighs, mickey dodgers in disguise. Mc Graths, O'Briens, Pippins, Coxs, Massage parlours in horse boxes. There's amhráns, bodhráns, amadáns, Arab sheiks, Hindu Sikhs, Jesus freaks, RTE are makin' tapes, takin' breaks and throwin' shapes. This is heaven, this is hell. Who cares? Who can tell? (Anyone for the last few Choc Ices, now?)
